관리-도구

편집 파일: config.md

---
section: using-npm
title: config
description: More than you probably want to know about npm configuration
---

# config(7)

## More than you probably want to know about npm configuration

### Description

npm gets its configuration values from the following sources, sorted by priority:

#### Command Line Flags

Putting `--foo bar` on the command line sets the `foo` configuration
parameter to `"bar"`.  A `--` argument tells the cli parser to stop
reading flags.  Using `--flag` without specifying any value will set
the value to `true`.

Example: `--flag1 --flag2` will set both configuration parameters
to `true`, while `--flag1 --flag2 bar` will set `flag1` to `true`,
and `flag2` to `bar`.  Finally, `--flag1 --flag2 -- bar` will set
both configuration parameters to `true`, and the `bar` is taken
as a command argument.

#### Environment Variables

Any environment variables that start with `npm_config_` will be
interpreted as a configuration parameter.  For example, putting
`npm_config_foo=bar` in your environment will set the `foo`
configuration parameter to `bar`.  Any environment configurations that
are not given a value will be given the value of `true`.  Config
values are case-insensitive, so `NPM_CONFIG_FOO=bar` will work the
same. However, please note that inside [`scripts`](/using-npm/scripts)
npm will set its own environment variables and Node will prefer
those lowercase versions over any uppercase ones that you might set.
For details see [this issue](https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/14528).

Notice that you need to use underscores instead of dashes, so `--allow-same-version`
would become `npm_config_allow_same_version=true`.

#### npmrc Files

The four relevant files are:

* per-project configuration file (`/path/to/my/project/.npmrc`)
* per-user configuration file (defaults to `$HOME/.npmrc`; configurable via CLI
  option `--userconfig` or environment variable `$NPM_CONFIG_USERCONFIG`)
* global configuration file (defaults to `$PREFIX/etc/npmrc`; configurable via
  CLI option `--globalconfig` or environment variable `$NPM_CONFIG_GLOBALCONFIG`)
* npm's built-in configuration file (`/path/to/npm/npmrc`)

See [npmrc](/configuring-npm/npmrc) for more details.

#### Default Configs

Run `npm config ls -l` to see a set of configuration parameters that are
internal to npm, and are defaults if nothing else is specified.

### Shorthands and Other CLI Niceties

The following shorthands are parsed on the command-line:

* `-v`: `--version`
* `-h`, `-?`, `--help`, `-H`: `--usage`
* `-s`, `--silent`: `--loglevel silent`
* `-q`, `--quiet`: `--loglevel warn`
* `-d`: `--loglevel info`
* `-dd`, `--verbose`: `--loglevel verbose`
* `-ddd`: `--loglevel silly`
* `-g`: `--global`
* `-C`: `--prefix`
* `-l`: `--long`
* `-m`: `--message`
* `-p`, `--porcelain`: `--parseable`
* `-reg`: `--registry`
* `-f`: `--force`
* `-desc`: `--description`
* `-S`: `--save`
* `-P`: `--save-prod`
* `-D`: `--save-dev`
* `-O`: `--save-optional`
* `-B`: `--save-bundle`
* `-E`: `--save-exact`
* `-y`: `--yes`
* `-n`: `--yes false`
* `ll` and `la` commands: `ls --long`

If the specified configuration param resolves unambiguously to a known
configuration parameter, then it is expanded to that configuration
parameter.  For example:

```bash
npm ls --par
# same as:
npm ls --parseable
```

If multiple single-character shorthands are strung together, and the
resulting combination is unambiguously not some other configuration
param, then it is expanded to its various component pieces.  For
example:

```bash
npm ls -gpld
# same as:
npm ls --global --parseable --long --loglevel info
```

### Per-Package Config Settings

When running scripts (see [`scripts`](/using-npm/scripts)) the package.json "config"
keys are overwritten in the environment if there is a config param of
`<name>[@<version>]:<key>`.  For example, if the package.json has
this:

```json
{ "name" : "foo"
, "config" : { "port" : "8080" }
, "scripts" : { "start" : "node server.js" } }
```

and the server.js is this:

```javascript
http.createServer(...).listen(process.env.npm_package_config_port)
```

then the user could change the behavior by doing:

```bash
npm config set foo:port 80
```

See [package.json](/configuring-npm/package-json) for more information.

### Config Settings

#### access

* Default: `restricted`
* Type: Access

When publishing scoped packages, the access level defaults to `restricted`.  If
you want your scoped package to be publicly viewable (and installable) set
`--access=public`. The only valid values for `access` are `public` and
`restricted`. Unscoped packages _always_ have an access level of `public`.

#### allow-same-version

* Default: false
* Type: Boolean

Prevents throwing an error when `npm version` is used to set the new version
to the same value as the current version.

#### always-auth

* Default: false
* Type: Boolean

Force npm to always require authentication when accessing the registry,
even for `GET` requests.

#### also

* Default: null
* Type: String

When "dev" or "development" and running local `npm shrinkwrap`,
`npm outdated`, or `npm update`, is an alias for `--dev`.

#### audit

* Default: true
* Type: Boolean

When "true" submit audit reports alongside `npm install` runs to the default
registry and all registries configured for scopes.  See the documentation
for [`npm audit`](/cli-commands/npm-audit) for details on what is submitted.

#### audit-level

* Default: `"low"`
* Type: `'low'`, `'moderate'`, `'high'`, `'critical'`

The minimum level of vulnerability for `npm audit` to exit with
a non-zero exit code.

#### auth-type

* Default: `'legacy'`
* Type: `'legacy'`, `'sso'`, `'saml'`, `'oauth'`

What authentication strategy to use with `adduser`/`login`.

#### before

* Alias: enjoy-by
* Default: null
* Type: Date

If passed to `npm install`, will rebuild the npm tree such that only versions
that were available **on or before** the `--before` time get installed.
If there's no versions available for the current set of direct dependencies, the
command will error.

If the requested version is a `dist-tag` and the given tag does not pass the
`--before` filter, the most recent version less than or equal to that tag will
be used. For example, `foo@latest` might install `foo@1.2` even though `latest`
is `2.0`.

#### bin-links

* Default: `true`
* Type: Boolean

Tells npm to create symlinks (or `.cmd` shims on Windows) for package
executables.

Set to false to have it not do this.  This can be used to work around
the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on
ostensibly Unix systems.

#### browser

* Default: OS X: `"open"`, Windows: `"start"`, Others: `"xdg-open"`
* Type: String

The browser that is called by the `npm docs` command to open websites.

#### ca

* Default: The npm CA certificate
* Type: String, Array or null

The Certificate Authority signing certificate that is trusted for SSL
connections to the registry. Values should be in PEM format (Windows calls it "Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)") with newlines
replaced by the string "\n". For example:

```bash
ca="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nXXXX\nXXXX\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
```

Set to `null` to only allow "known" registrars, or to a specific CA cert
to trust only that specific signing authority.

Multiple CAs can be trusted by specifying an array of certificates:

```bash
ca[]="..."
ca[]="..."
```